解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The availability of a simple-to-use, automatic measurement system for noninvasive flow estimation is imperative, given the clinical demand for an acceptable noninvasive procedure rather than the standard invasive procedure of thermodilution. A method for calculating cardiac output from noninvasively derived pressure p...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050372
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tongue movements during speech production have been investigated by means of a simple yet realistic biomechanical model, based on a finite elements modeling of soft tissues, in the framework of the equilibrium point hypothesis (lambda-model) of motor control. In particular, the model has been applied to the estimation...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050362
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type II units in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) are characterized by vigorous but nonmonotonic responses to best frequency tones as a function of sound pressure level, and relatively weak responses to noise. A model of DCN neural circuitry was used to explore two hypothetical mechanisms by which neurons may be endo...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050355
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we present a systematic method for generating simulations of nonstationary EEG. Such simulations are needed, for example, in the evaluation of tracking algorithms. First a state evolution process is simulated. The states are initially represented as segments of stationary autoregressive processes which a...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050348
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new method is presented for quantitative evaluation of single-sweep phase and amplitude electro-encephalogram (EEG) characteristics that is a more informative approach in comparison with conventional signal averaging. In the averaged potential, phase-locking and amplitude effects of the EEG response cannot be separa...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050335
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many tasks require the arm to move from its initial position to a specified target position, but leave us free to choose the trajectory between them. This paper presents and tests the hypothesis that trajectories are chosen to minimize metabolic energy costs. Costs are calculated for the range of possible trajectories...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050324
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical or computational models of activity-dependent neural competition typically impose competition in anatomically fixed networks by the use of synaptic normalisation, for which there is very little experimental support. Recent experimental evidence, however, strongly implicates neurotrophic factors in neural ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050311
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are transmembrane oligomeric proteins that mediate interconversions between open and closed channel states under the control of neurotransmitters. Fast in vitro chemical kinetics and in vivo electrophysiological recordings are consistent with the following multi-step scheme. Upon bind...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050302
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a controls systems model of horizontal-plane head movements during perturbations of the trunk, which for the first time interfaces a model of the human head with neural feedback controllers representing the vestibulocollic (VCR) and the cervicocollic (CCR) reflexes. This model is homeomorphic such that mode...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050297
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much evidence suggests that the mammalian thalamus is not merely a set of nuclei relaying signals to the cerebral cortex, but is engaged in two-way interplay with it. Three important features constrain ideas about the nature of this interplay: (i) thalamic projection neurones lack local axon collaterals; (ii) most cor...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s004220050293
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We study weakly connected networks of neural oscillators near multiple Andronov-Hopf bifurcation points. We analyze relationships between synaptic organizations (anatomy) of the networks and their dynamical properties (function). Our principal assumptions are: (1) Each neural oscillator comprises two populations of ne...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050279
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal excitability under stimuli with a complex time course is investigated on the basis of the numerical solution of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Each stimulus is composed of 100-1000 unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (uEPSP) that start randomly within a definite time window. Probability of initiating a ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00209424
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of an electronic real time emulator for biology-inspired pulse processing neural networks (BPN) to recognition and temporal tracking of discrete impulse patterns via delay adaptation is demonstrated. The electronic emulation includes biologically plausible features, such as asynchronous impulses, membr...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00206711
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Response patterns recorded with 30 microelectrodes from area 17 of anaesthetized monkeys are analysed. A proportion of the patterns are used to define prototype response patterns. These in turn are used to recognize the stimulus from further non-averaged response patterns. In comparison, recognition by a feedforward '...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00194921
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a model for the development of ocularity domains in the visual cortex of mammals during the embryonic stage. We model the thalamo-cortical pathway with a self-organising neural network with two source layers, each of them serving different retinae, and one target layer, where the connections end. The connec...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00652225
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One possible strategy for the solution of the correspondence problem of stereo matching is the coarse-to-fine mechanism: The matching process starts with a lowpass-filtered version of the stereogram where only a few, high-contrast image features can be extracted and the probability of false matches is therefore low. I...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00204198
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We study the dynamics of a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators that has been used to model coordinated human movement behavior. In contrast to earlier work we examine the case where the two component oscillators have different eigenfrequencies. Problems related to the decomposition of a time series (from an experi...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00199134
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proved that a detection process may be accounted for by a simple two-state model consisting of a collection of linear analysers followed by a maximum-output decision rule provided that a set of all threshold stimuli is convex. A non-parametrical method to identify the analysers constituting such a model is...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00199546
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diffusion processes have been extensively used to describe membrane potential behavior. In this approach the interspike interval has a theoretical counterpart in the first-passage-time of the diffusion model employed. Since the mathematical complexity of the first-passage-time problem increases with attempts to make t...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201480
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, human arm movement was reconstructed from electromyography (EMG) signals using a forward dynamics model acquired by an artificial neural network within a modular architecture. Dynamic joint torques at the elbow and shoulder were estimated for movements in the horizontal plane from the surface EMG signal...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00199465
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck neuronal model a quantitative method is proposed for the estimation of the two parameters characterizing the unknown input process, namely the neuron's mean input per unit time mu and the infinitesimal standard deviation per unit time sigma. This method is based on the experimentally observe...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201423
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have attempted to reconcile the different patterns of distribution of interspike intervals that are found in motoneurones made to discharge by intracellular injection of constant current in reduced animal preparations and by voluntary control in human subjects. We recorded long spike trains from single motor units ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00204057
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A functional model of target selection in the saccadic system is presented, incorporating elements of visual processing, motor planning, and motor control. We address the integration of visual information with pre-information, which is provided by manipulating the probability that a target appears at a certain locatio...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00199055
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In motion-processing areas of the visual cortex in cats and monkeys, an anisotropic distribution of direction selectivities displays a preference for movements away from the fovea. This 'centrifugal bias' has been hypothetically linked to the processing of optic flow fields generated during forward locomotion. In this...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201489
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes how a synergy made up of a pair of agonist and antagonist systems involved in the production of a rapid movement can control movement time. A quadratic law is derived to predict the movement time as a function of the various parameters describing the neuromuscular synergy. Conditions for a simplif...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00202786
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present paper examines human hand impedance characteristics, including inertia and viscosity as well as stiffness, in multi-joint arm movements. While a subject maintains a given hand location, small external disturbances are applied to his hand by a manipulandum. The corresponding force-displacement vectors are m...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00199890
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many neurons at the sensory periphery receive periodic input, and their activity exhibits entrainment to this input in the form of a preferred phase for firing. This article describes a modeling study of neurons which skip a random number of cycles of the stimulus between firings over a large range of input intensitie...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00198810
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We extend a quantitative model for low-voltage, slow-wave excitability based on the T-type calcium current (Wang et al. 1991) by juxtaposing it with a Hodgkin-Huxley-like model for fast sodium spiking in the high voltage regime to account for the distinct firing modes of thalamic neurons. We employ bifurcation analysi...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239616
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Directional and orientational components usually coexist and are mixed in the cell's overall responses when moving optical stimuli are used to study the response characteristics of visual neurons. While these two properties were quantified with all the previous methods for data analysis, their effects could not be eff...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00197609
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are interesting oscillatory phenomena associated with excitable cells that require theoretical insight. Some of these phenomena are: the threshold low amplitude oscillations before bursting in neuronal cells, the damped burst observed in muscle cells, the period-adding bifurcations without chaos in pancreatic be...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00198918
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronization of the oscillatory discharge of cortical neurons could be a part of the mechanism that is involved in cortical information processing. On the assumption that the basic functional unit is the column composed of local excitatory and inhibitory cells and generating oscillatory neural activity, a network m...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00202761
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important step in visual processing is the segregation of objects in a visual scene from one another and from the embedding background. According to current theories of visual neuroscience, the different features of a particular object are represented by cells which are spatially distributed across multiple visual ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00203232
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain resonance phenomena and induced rhythms in the brain recently gained importance in electroencephalographic, magnetoencephalographic and cellular studies (Başar and Bullock 1992). It was hypothesized that evoked potentials are superpositions of induced rhythms caused by resonance phenomena in neural populations (...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00205980
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Connections among ventrolateral medullary respiratory neurons inferred from spike train analysis were incorporated into a model and simulated with the program SYSTM11 (MacGregor 1987). Inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurons with augmenting (AUG) and decrementing (DEC) discharge patterns and rostral I-E/I neurons e...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00200329
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between disparity and ocular vergence was investigated under closed-loop as well as under open-loop viewing conditions. First we examined whether vergence responded similarly to disparity presented under open-loop and closed-loop conditions. Similar response were observed in both conditions. The direc...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00224855
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model calculation is presented simulating the coordinated interaction between the walking legs of a multi-legged animal. The neural network consists of separate modules with oscillatory capabilities. It has the ability to adjust the necessary parameters for producing a coordinated interaction between the modules in ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00200811
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronization properties of locally coupled neural oscillators were investigated analytically and by computer simulation. When coupled in a manner that mimics excitatory chemical synapses, oscillators having more than one time scale (relaxation oscillators) are shown to approach synchrony using mechanisms very diffe...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00198772
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Explosive movements such as throwing, kicking, and jumping are characterized by high velocity and short movement time. Due to the fact that latencies of neural feedback loops are long in comparison to movement times, correction of deviations cannot be achieved on the basis of neural feedback. In other words, the contr...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00198959
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model for describing dynamic phenomena in the olfactory bulb is presented. The nature of attractors and the bifurcation sequences in terms of the lateral connection strength in the mitral layer are studied numerically. Chaotic activity has only been found in the case of strong excitatory coupling. Synap...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201408
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report demonstrates the effectiveness of two processes in constructing simple feedforward networks which perform good transformations on their inputs. Good transformations are characterized by the minimization of two information measures: the information loss incurred with the transformation and the statistical d...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00202569
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00